Her Campus Logo Her Campus Logo
MUJ | Life > Experiences

The Science of First Impressions: How We Judge and Are Judged

Divyanshu Bhardwaj Student Contributor, Manipal University Jaipur
This article is written by a student writer from the Her Campus at MUJ chapter and does not reflect the views of Her Campus.

First impressions are like cold opens in a sitcom. They set the tone, hook you in, and sometimes make you decide whether you’re sticking around or hitting the skip button. Whether it’s meeting your new roommate, introducing yourself to a professor, or nervously saying ‘hi’ to that person you’ve been eyeing across the library—these initial moments carry a surprising amount of weight. And while we’d all like to believe we’re judged on our dazzling personalities or our ability to quote trending meme references, the truth is, first impressions are often shaped by subtle cues we don’t even realize we’re giving off.

So why do our brains insist on forming these snap judgments? And why does it feel like everyone else has mastered the art of making a great first impression while you’re still stuck overthinking how to exist in public? Let’s dive into the science behind these fleeting moments and figure out how we judge—and are judged—before we’ve even had a chance to show everyone our best selves.

Blink and You’ll Miss It: The Speed of First Impressions

First impressions are faster than your speed of using ChatGPT during an online quiz. Research shows it takes just one-tenth of a second to form an opinion about someone. That’s less time than it takes for you to realize you’ve accidentally waved at someone who wasn’t waving at you. This rapid judgment isn’t just random; it’s evolutionary. Back in caveman days, our ancestors needed to quickly assess whether someone was trustworthy or likely to steal their mammoth momos or pterosaur pakoras. Today, we’re still wired to make snap judgments, even if the stakes are less life-threatening (unless you’re deciding who to be in a group project with).

But these lightning-fast impressions aren’t always accurate. Remember that guy who always looks like he’s high asf? Turns out, he just hasn’t slept in days, courtesy of data structures and algorithms.

What We Judge (and How We’re Judged)

First impressions are built on a cocktail of cues: physical appearance, posture, voice, facial expressions, and even the environment in which you meet someone. For instance, if you meet your roommate while they’re drawing stick figures killing each other on the wall (true story), you might assume they’re quirky, and you’d be right.

Interestingly, two traits dominate our snap judgments: warmth and competence. Warmth answers the question, “Can I trust this person?” Competence asks, “Can they help me survive this group assignment without tanking my GPA?” These traits are assessed so quickly that even subtle cues like facial width-to-height ratio can influence perceptions of trustworthiness.

But beware of biases! Attractive people often get bonus points for being perceived as more capable or friendly. Psychologists call this phenomenon the “halo effect”. So yes, that ridiculously good-looking person in your class might seem like they have their life together,  but they could also be Googling “how to download pictures from google” later tonight.

The Liking Gap: We’re Cooler Than We Think

Here’s some good news for anyone who’s ever agonized over whether they came off as awkward during a first meeting (who hasn’t?). Studies show most people underestimate how much others like them after initial encounters. This phenomenon, called the “liking gap”. It means you probably made a better impression, even if you looked at them like a chimpanzee begging for its life.

So next time you’re replaying every word of your first conversation with your crush or that guy from the cafeteria, remember: they likely walked away thinking you were cooler than you gave yourself credit for.

Why First Impressions Stick (and How to Fix Them)

Now,  first impressions are stubborn creatures. Thanks to something called the “primacy effect,” the initial information we learn about someone tends to overshadow everything else we discover later. If someone thinks you’re disorganized because you showed up late once (thanks to Jaipur traffic), it might take months of punctuality to change their mind.

But don’t despair! While first impressions are hard to shake, they can be reshaped over time. For example, body language experts suggest mimicking someone’s gestures and tone subtly. It builds rapport and can nudge them toward seeing you in a new light. And if all else fails? Share your notes with your classmates. Nothing says trust me like free notes.

When First Impressions Go Wrong

Of course, not all first impressions are accurate or fair. Take the story of the biker who was judged harshly based on his tattoos and gruff appearance but turned out to be a loving father and community hero. It’s a reminder that people are complex creatures who can’t be summed up in one fleeting interaction. Similarly, remember that bad first impressions don’t define anyone forever, not even yourself. Maybe your professor thought you were lazy because you took the elevator up one floor on day one. But hey, that was before they saw your stellar presentation on “The Rise and Fall of My New Year’s Resolutions”!

A College Student’s Guide to First Impressions

Let’s break this down into actionable tips for navigating first impressions as a college student:

  • Dress for Confidence: Wear something that makes you feel good, whether it’s your lucky hoodie or those undies that have “Watch out world, I’m coming!” written all over them.
  • Be Genuine: People can sniff out fake enthusiasm faster than they can spot an opportunity to bunk a class.
  • Smile (but not creepily): A warm smile signals friendliness without veering into Joker territory.
  • Listen More: Showing genuine interest in others makes them feel valued and makes you memorable in a good way.
  • Don’t Sweat It: Even if things don’t go perfectly, remember the liking gap. You probably did better than you think!

First impressions are powerful tools for navigating social interactions but come with their fair share of biases and inaccuracies. As college students juggling classes, clubs, and existential crises about what they’re doing with our lives, it’s worth remembering that everyone has off days and everyone deserves a second chance. So go ahead, meet new people with curiosity and kindness (and maybe bring your stick-figure-crime-artist roommate along for comic relief). Who knows? Your next first impression might just lead to a lifelong friendship.

If this article made a good first impression on you, head over to Her Campus at MUJ for more :)

Divyanshu is a CS undergrad at Manipal University Jaipur and the Editor in Chief of Her Campus MUJ. His writing explores the complexities of modern life, tackling everything from digital culture and social justice to personal identity and human connection. Whether he's challenging apathy, dissecting pop culture, or reflecting on the everyday joys and struggles of young adulthood, his articles spark conversations that matter.

Beyond Her Campus, Divyanshu is deeply invested in creating spaces — both in writing and through events — that foster understanding and empowerment. A self-proclaimed sitcom enthusiast and coursework procrastinator (who always meets deadlines), his life is fuelled by music, pop culture, and doomscrolling on Twitter.

When he’s not writing or organizing events, you’ll find him analysing internet trends, advocating for inclusivity, or losing himself in yet another existential debate. His goal? To make an impact, one story at a time.