The word postpartum can be divided into into two parts: “post”, the prefix meaning after, and the root “partum” meaning birth. This term refers to the first 6 to 8 weeks or longer after a mother delivers a baby and has to transition back to the non-pregnant state.
Throughout this transition there are many physical and emotional changes, and related symptoms may arise during this period. These changes can be challenging, in addition to the responsibility of being a caregiver for a new infant. Care does not only start with the infant, but must also extend to the mother, who should ensure she prioritizes rest and seeks help whenever the changes become too much.
For postpartum, there is a somewhat generalized timeline that comes with the recovery. The timeline varies based on the individual. It is a period where the body attempts to return to pre-pregnancy stage as much as possible. There might be physical changes to the uterus and the breast, as they recover. There may also be hormonal changes and the mother may experience symptoms of hot flashes, changes in mood, potential headaches, perineal soreness, swelling, and fatigue following the birthing process. Some emotional symptoms include irritability, restlessness, mild anxiety, and the feeling of being overwhelmed due to intense baby care (Cleveland Clinic).
Postpartum is broken into three phases, acute phase, subacute phase, and delayed period. The acute phase occurs 6-12 hours after birth, the symptoms can include immediate crisis that can result in urine inversion, amniotic fluid embolism, and eclampsia. The second phase, subacute phase, can last between two and six weeks. This is where all of the physical and emotional changes appear. These changes may be slower during its onset, and can be identified and treated when needed. The third phase, the delayed period, can last up to six months and has symptoms that might have a quicker onset.
Postpartum is a period after birth where everything can become overwhelming. Because of the three different phases, the struggle of conception does not end after the birth of the infant, but can last six months after. Prioritizing rest, asking questions when needed and requesting medical assistance if things become too complicated can potentially shorten this overwhelming period after birth.