Information is adapted from the Smithsonian Museum’s spotlight on feminine hygiene.
Feminine hygiene and menstrual products over the ages have varied; however, little research and collection into these products has been done due to cultural discomfort. In today’s day and age, many communities (particularly South Asian communities) continue to experience difficulties where it is considered “indecent” to bring up menstruation. In the past (and even the present), women are concerned with douches, powders, special baths, and several other products to “cleanse,” get rid of natural odour, and avoid judgement about their menstrual cycles. This leads to more problems in terms of yeast infections, contact dermatitis, and alters the vagina’s natural odour and pH.
In the past, women have used clothing and disposable towels during their periods. Sfag-Na-Kins (1896) were made from sphagnum moss to absorb 20 times their own weight and had antibacterial properties. This was then followed by the Kotex napkins in 1921 which were made of cellucotton within a gauze sheath. Tampons, used in medicine, were used to stop deep wounds. Patents for these tampons (to be used for menstruation) came out closer to the 1920s-1930s. With these tampons, a lot of refining in terms of production took place to ensure safety, environmental concerns, and reduce the risk of toxic shock syndrome.
Recently, there has been a rise in new devices, such as the diva cup and absorbable underwear. These new products for menstruation have made this process more comfortable for women everywhere. It is also becoming more common for women to talk openly about period cramps, struggles with their monthly cycles, and tips on how to manage pain through social media platforms. However, in certain communities the history of stigma is still prevalent and many women are afraid to talk about period symptoms, missing out on school or work due to pain, and are judged for asking their fathers and brothers to buy them products.
Aside from this, women still face a lack of access to basic menstrual products due to extreme poverty and stigma in many underserved communities across the world. Western media and White Feminism fails to account for these perspectives and the disparity that these women face. It is important to not only talk about these communities, but to also contribute and donate (if you have the means). If you cannot donate then consider sharing these resources on social media. Check out this amazing biodegradable pad initiative started in India by students at MIT in the United States. This company, Saathi, features pads that are amazing for the environment (plastic-free!) and affordable for many women.